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| ADRE & Assam Police Important Questions Answers |
Direct Recruitment
Test - 16
1. Separation of the
Judiciary from the Executive has been provided in one of the following parts of
the Indian Constitution-
a. The Preamble.
b. The Fundamental Rights
c. The Directive Principles of
State Policy
d. The Seventh Schedule
Ans: C
Article 50 of Constitution of India is a directive principle of
state policy. It gives a direction to the State to keep Judiciary independent
of the Executive, particularly in judicial appointments.
2. The 44th Amendment
in the Constitution of India removes the following right from the category of
Fundamental Rights-
a. Freedom of speech
b. Constitutional remedies
c. Property
d. Freedom of religion
Answer: C
3. Which of the following Courts is responsible for the enforcement of
Fundamental Rights?
a. Supreme Court.
b. High Court.
c. District Court.
d. Both A and B
Answer: D
The fundamental rights are
enforceable in the High Courts and the Supreme Court. In writ petitions
before these courts, a person or a citizen can seek enforcement of fundamental
rights and redress for their breach.
State Level Recruitment Commission
for CLASS III POSTS
4. In which part of the
Constitution details of citizenship are mentioned?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
Answer: B
Citizenship in India is
governed by Articles 5 – 11 (Part II) of the Constitution. The
Citizenship Act, 1955 is the legislation dealing with citizenship.
5. White revolution in India is
associated with
a. Food crop production
b. Cotton production
c.
Fish production
d. Milk production
Answer: D
The revolution associated with a
sharp increase in milk production in the country is called the White
Revolution in India also known as Operation Flood
6. Who is the first composer of
sonnet in Assamese literature?
a. Chandra Kumar Agarwala
b. Hemchandra Goswami
c. Hiren Bhattacharya
d. Mafizuddin Ahmed Hazarika
Answer: B
Jonaki marked the dawn of
romanticism in Assamese literature.
7. Article 249 of the Indian
Constitution deals with
a. Emergency power of the
President.
b. Dissolution of the Lok
Sabha.
c. Administrative power of the
Parliament
d. Legislative power of the
Parliament with respect to a matter in the state list
Answer: D
(1) Parliament has exclusive
power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the
Concurrent List or State List. (2) Such power shall include
the
power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
249.
8. What is the minimum is
described in India for its citizens to cast their votes?
a. 16 years
b. 18 years
c. 21 years
d. 20 years
Answer: B
9. The right to vote in India
is given to all people on the basis of
a. Education
b. Property
c. Religion
d. Age
Ans: D
10. Who conducts the state
assembly elections?
a. Chief Justice of High Court.
b. State election Commission.
c. Election Commission of
India.
d. Governor of the state
Ans:
C
11. The first Indian state
which was created on a linguistic basis following a long drawn agitation is
a. Andhra Pradesh
b. Assam
c. Tamil Nadu
d. Karnataka
Ans: A
The first State to be formed on
linguistic basis in the country- Andhra Pradesh, will be divided into
two Telugu-speaking States at the stroke of midnight on Sunday with the
ushering in of Telangana State amidst fanfare and celebrations in the region.
12. The term mixed economy
denoted.
a. Existence of both rural and
urban sectors
b. Existence of both private
and public sectors.
c. Existence of both heavy and
small industries.
d. Existence of both developed
and underdeveloped Sectors
Ans: B
13. In India planned economy is
based on-
a. Gandhian System
b.
Socialist System
c. Capitalist System
d. Mixed Economy System
Answer: B
Planned economy of India can be
characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of
production, direct public ownership etc.
14. Which of the following can
be called as a part of the service sector?
a. Textile Mills.
b. Agriculture
c. Banking.
d. Coal Mines
Ans: C
The tertiary sector of
the economy (also known as the service sector) is one of the three economic
sectors.
15. When was the first train
steamed off in India?
a. 1848
b. 1853
c. 1875
d. 1880
Answer: B
In
1853, the first-ever passenger train in India ran from Bombay to Thane, under
the management of the Great Indian Peninsular railway. The following year, on 15
August 1854, the first-ever train steamed out of Howrah station, just
across the river from the imperial capital of Calcutta.
16. The Mid Day Meal Scheme has
been launched by the Union Minister of-
a. Home Affairs
b. Social Welfare
c. Human Resource Development
d. Rural Development
Answer: C
The scheme was launched by
former Prime Minister of India, P. V. Narasimha Rao in 1995. Human Resource
Development Union Minister is Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank.
17. When was ‘Jawahar Rojgar
Yojana’ launched?
a. 1985
b. 1987
c. 1989
d. 1991
Answer: C
National Rural Employment
programme (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) the
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was started with
effect
from April, 1, 1989 on 80:20 cost sharing basis between the centre and
the States.
18. Which one among the
following is a 'Hot Spot' for biological diversity in India?
a. Western Ghat
b. Kaziranga
c. Chilka lake
d. Eastern Ghat
Answer: A
19. When was the concept of the
Human Development Index introduced by the United Nations Development Programme?
a. 1990
b. 1991
c. 1993
d. 1995
Ans: A
Pakistani economist Mahbub ul
Haq created HDI in 1990 which was further used to measure the country's
development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
20. Sahara Desert is situated
in
a. Europe
b.
Asia
c. Africa
d. Australia
Ans: C
The Sahara Desert is in
Northern Africa and is the largest desert in the world. It has a total square
area of about 3,320,000 square miles.
21. In which continent is the
Andes mountain range?
a. Australia
b. Africa
c. Europe
d. South America
Ans: D
Andes Mountains, also called
the Andes, Spanish Cordillera de los Andes or Los Andes, mountain system of South
America and one of the great natural features on Earth.
22. Which continent having the
largest area in the equatorial belt is -
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. South America
d. North America
Ans: B
23.
How many kilometers are represented by 1° of Latitude?
a. 321 km
b. 211 km
c. 111 km
d. 91 km
Ans: C
Each degree of latitude is
approximately 69 miles (111 kilometers) apart. At the equator, the
distance is 68.703 miles (110.567 kilometers).
24. The shortest day length
that occurs in the Northern hemisphere is on-
a. 21st March
b. 23rd September
c. 22nd November
d. 22nd December
Ans: D
25. The study of lakes is
called
a. Limnology
b. Potomology
c. Topology
d. Hydrology
Answer:
A
Limnology is concerned with both natural and man-made lakes,
their physical characteristics, ecology, chemical characteristics, internal
energy fluxes, and exchanges with the environment.
26. Who was the court poet of
Samudragupta?
a. Asvaghosa
b. Nagarjuna
c. Aryabhatta
d. Harisena
Answer: D
Harisena, also called
Harishena or Hirisena, was a
4th-century Sanskrit poet, panegyrist, and government minister. He was an
important figure in the court of Gupta emperor, Samudragupta.
27. Who was the first known
Gupta ruler?
a. Sri Gupta
b. Chandragupta II
c. Samudragupta
d. Kumargupta I
Answer: A
28.
Last Mauryan Emperor was-
a. Jalok
b. Avanti Varma
c. Nandi vardhana
d. Brihadratha
Answer: D
Brihadratha, was assassinated
by his Brahman commander in chief, Pushyamitra, who founded the Shunga dynasty.
29. Who discovered the Indus
Valley civilization?
a. Sir Leonard Wooley
b. Vs Agarwal
c. Dayaram Sahani
d. A L Basham
Answer: C
30. Of the following, who was
called the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’?
a. Allen Octavian Hume
b. Dadabhai Naoroji
c. Lokmanya Tilak
d. Mahatma Gandhi
Answer: C
Tilak was the first leader of
the Indian independence movement. He was also conferred with the title of
"Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people as their
leader".
31. Quit India movement began
on
a. 8th August, 1942
b. 10th August, 1942
c. 15 August, 1942
d. 16th August,1942
Answer.: A
After the failure of the Cripps
Mission to secure Indian support for the British war effort, Gandhi made a call
to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at
the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
32. Who led the Salt Satyagraha
Movement with Mahatma Gandhi?
a. Annie Besant
b. Mridula Sarabhai
c. Muthu Lakshmi
d. Sarojini Naidu
Answer: D
Gandhi himself was arrested on
May 5, but the satyagraha continued without him. On May 21, the poet Sarojini
Naidu led 2,500 marchers on the Dharasana Salt Works, some 150 miles north
of Bombay.
33.
The All India Kishan Sabha was formed in
a. 1926
b. 1936
c. 1946
d. 1956
Answer: B
34. When did the
Neo-Vaishnavite movement of Sankardeva take place in Assam?
a. 14th Century
b. 16th Century
c. 17th Century
d. 18th Century
Answer: B
35. Treaty of Majuli was signed
between:
a. Koch and Bhuyans
b. Koch and Satras
c. Koch and Mughals
d. Koch and Ahoms
Answer: D
The Treaty of Majuli (1563) was
settled between the Koch king Nara Narayan and the Ahom king Sukhaamphaa.
36.
When did Koch Bihar become a Mughal vassal?
a. 1582
b. 1587
c. 1609
d. 1606
Answer: C
37. The Ahom-Mughal conflicts
started during the reign of
a. Gadadhar Singha
b. Pratap Singha
c. Siva Singha
d. Ramdhwaj Singha
Answer: B
The first Mughal-Ahom battle
took place in 1615 when the Mughals attacked the Ahoms, then under Pratap
Singha. This resulted in a period of Ahom-Mughal conflicts fluctuating
fortunes that ended with the Treaty of Asurar Ali in 1639.
38. The Posa system referred to
a. Confronting policy
b. Reparation policy
c. Policy of non-payment of
taxes
d.
Tribal appeasement policy
Answer: D
39. Mir Jumla, who occupied
Ahom capital Gargaon was a governor under____
a. Jahangir
b. Shah Jahan
c. Aurangzeb
d. Bahadur Shah
Answer: C
Mir Jumla was made the governor
of Bengal and he sent Rashid Khan to recover the erstwhile Mughal territory in
Kamrup. The Ahoms fortified Jogighopa at Manas river in preparation against the
Mughals.
40. According to which treaty
Ahom King Jayadhwaj Singha sent to his daughter to the Mughal Empire as a
reward of war?
a. Treaty of Sadiya
b. Treaty of Guwahati
c. Treaty of Gargaon
d. Treaty of Ghilajharighat
Answer: D
41. The early name of
Udayaditya Singha was:
a. Uday Gohain
b.
Maju Gohain
c. Atan Gohain
d. Aditya Gohain
Answer: B
The early name of Udayaditya
Singha was Maju Gohain. When his elder brother Chakradhwaj Singha
ascended the throne, Maju Gohain was appointed as Charingia Raja, a post
usually held by the heir apparent to the throne.
42. The town of Boka was built
during the reign of
a. Sudoiphaa
b. Sulikpha
c. Suhungmung
d. Gadadhar Singha
Answer: A
43. Joymoti Konwari was
tortured and killed by the henchmen of-
a. Lora Raja and Lachit
Borphukan
b. Sulikphaa and Laluk Sola
Borphukan
c. Sulikphaa and Momai tamuli
Borbarua
d. Lora Raja and Badan Chandra
Borphukan
Answer: B
She
was tortured for a period of fourteen days, in 'Jerenga pathar' in Sivasagar.
She was tied to a thorny plant and inhuman physical afflictions were
inflicted on her body, on the orders of Laluksala Borpukan
44. What was the Ahom name of
Gadadhar Singha?
a. Supaatpha
b. Sulikphaa
c. Suhungmung
d. Subinpha
Answer: A
Supaatpha also, Gadadhar Singha
(reign 1681–1696) established the rule of the Tungkhungia clan of the Ahom
kings that ruled the Ahom kingdom till its climactic end. He was the son of Gobar
Roja.
45. Which king of Ahom dynasty
was known as a Puppet ruler‘?
a. Jogeswar Singha
b. Sudingphaa
c. Purandar Singha
d. Badan Chandra Bophukan
Answer: A
Jogeswar Singha was installed
as the king of Ahom kingdom in 1821 CE, by the Burmese. He was more or less a
puppet in the hands of the Burmese, who held the real power of administration.
46.
Which was the peace treaty that ended the First Anglo-Burmese War?
a. The Treaty of Yandabo
b. The Treaty of Burmese
c. The Treaty of Anglo-Burmese
d. The Treaty of Myanmar
Answer: A
Negotiations having commenced,
the Burmese capitulated to the British terms to end the war, signing the Treaty
of Yandabo in February 1826.
47. 'Ratnamala‘ compiled by
Purusottama Vidyavagish is a work on:
a. Astrology
b. Novel
c. Poetry
d. Grammar
Answer: D
48. Who was the king of Morans
when Sukapha came to Assam?
a. Badausa
b. Thakumtha
c. Mauling
d. Buhari
Answer: A
According
to the Morans, when Sukafa came to Assam (1228 AD) he had not brought along any
women except for a few hundred horsemen. He married Moran king Bodosha's daughter
and ultimately took control over the Moran state, which is popularly known in
history as the Matak country.
49. Recently, which of the
following project has been launched pan India to tackle Pink Bollworm in
cotton?
a. Project Mating
b. Project Bandhan
c. Project Attack
d. Project Raksha
Answer: B
50. Recently, IRDAI and which
of the following has decided to develop a "National Health Claims
Exchange"
a. NITI Aayog
b. National Health Authority
c. LIC
d. National Insurance Company
Limited
Answer: B
51. The sum of all odd numbers
from 1 to 41 is
a.
372.
b. 505.
c. 441.
d. 516.
Answer: C
52. What is the difference in
intrinsic value and local value of 6 in 8631?
a. 625.
b. 594
c. 600.
d. 496.
Answer: B
53. The number that is nearest
to 2160 and exactly divisible by 52 is
a. 2132
b. 2148
c. 2184
d. 2177
Answer:
C
54. If 3 men or 4 women can
plough a field in 43 days, how long will 7 men and 5 women take to Plough it?
a. 10 days.
b. 11 days.
c. 9 days.
d. 12 days.
Answer: D
55. A worker reaches his
factory 3 minutes late if he speed from his house to the factory is 5 km/hr. If
he walks at a speed of 6 km/hr, then he reaches the factory 7 minutes early.
The distance of the factory from his house is.
a. 3 kilometre.
b. 4 kilometres.
c. 5 kilometre.
d. 6 kilometre.
Answer: C
56.
Amar does 80% of a work in 20 days. He then calls Bhaskar and they together
finished the remaining work in 3 days. How long Bhaskar alone would take to do
the whole work?
a. 23 days.
b. 30 days.
c. 37 and half days.
d. 42 days.
Answer: C
57. A number consists of 2
digits. The digit in ten's place exceeds the digit in the unit's place by 1.
The sum of the digit is 1/6 of the number. Find a number
a. 54.
b. 32
c. 44.
d. 60
Answer: A
58.
If 50% of x= 30%, then x : y is
a. 2 : 3
b. 5 : 3
c. 3 : 2
d. 3 : 5
Answer: D
59. A milkman mixed some water
with milk to gain 25% by selling the mixture at the cost price. The ratio of
water and milk is respectively.
a. 5 : 4
b. 4 : 5
c. 1 : 5
d. 1 : 4
Ans: D
60. A club has 108 members.
Two-third of them is men and rest is women. All members are married except for
9 women members. How many married women are there in the club?
a. 20
b.
24.
c. 27.
d. 30.
Answer: C
61. A cyclist goes 30 kilometre
to north and then turning to east, he goes 40 kilometres. Again, he turns to
his right and goes 20 kilometres. After this he turns to his right and goes 40
kilometres. How far is from his starting point.
a. 40.
b. 50.
c. 25.
d. 10.
Answer: D
62. 6 books A, B, C, D, E and F
are placed side by side. B, C and E have Blue cover and other books have read
cover. Only D and F are new books and the rest are old. A, C and D are law
reports and others are Gazetteers. Which book is a new law report with a red
colour?
a. A
b.
B
c. C
d. D
Answer: D
63. Guest lecture on 5 subjects
viz., Economics, History, Statistics, English and Mathematics have to be
arranged in a week from Monday to Friday. Only one lecture can be arranged on
each day. Economics cannot be scheduled on Tuesday. Guest faculty for History
is available only on Tuesday. Mathematics lecture has to be scheduled
immediately after the day of Economics lecture. English lecture has to be
scheduled immediately before the day of Economic lecture.
Which lecture is scheduled on
Monday?
a. History.
b. Economics.
c. Mathematics.
d. Statistics.
Answer: D
64.
Which lecture is scheduled between statistics and English?
a. Economics.
b. History.
c. Mathematics.
d. No lecture.
Answer: B
65. Which lecture is the last
one in the week?
a. History.
b. English.
c. Mathematics.
d. Economics.
Answer: C
66. Which lecture is scheduled
on Wednesday?
a. Statistics.
b. Economics.
c.
English.
d. History.
Answer: C
67. Which lecture is scheduled
before that mathematics lecture?
a. Economics.
b. History.
c. Statistics.
d. English.
Answer: A
68. Suresh sister is the wife
of Ram. Ram is Rani's brother. Ram's father is Madhur. Sheetal is Ram's
grandmother. Reema is Sheetal's daughter in law. Rohit is Rani's brother's son.
Who is Rohit to Suresh?
a. Brother in law.
b. Son.
c. Brother.
d.
Nephew.
Answer: D
69. Which one set of letters,
when sequentially placed at the gaps in the even letter series, shall complete
it?
ba_cb_b_bab_
a. acbb
b. bacc
c. bcaa
d. cabb
Answer: B
70. Choose the word which is
different from the rest.
a. Bajra.
b. Rice.
c. Mustard
d.
Barley.
Answer: C
71. English.......... all over
the world.
a. Speaks.
b. Is speak.
c. Is speaking.
d. Is spoken.
Answer: D
72. Girls have been teasing
boys............... 20 minutes.
a. Since.
b. For
c. From.
d. In.
Answer: B
73.
Lion does not eat grass, however hungry he may be. (Voice change)
a. Grass is not eaten by a
lion, however hungry he may be.
b. Grass was being not eaten by
a lion, however hungry he may be.
c. Grass is eaten not by a
lion, however hungry he may be.
d. Grass is not being eaten by
a lion, however hungry he may be.
Answer: A
74. Synonym of PREDOMINANT
a. Lovable
b. Important
c. Vague
d. Assurance
Answer: B
75. Antonym of MIGHTY
a. Forcible
b. Tough
c. Weak
d.
Haughty
Ans: C
76. A man who rarely speak the
truth. (One word substitution)
a. Crook
b. Liar
c. Scoundrel
d. Hypocrite
Answer: B
77. Although initial
investigations pointed towards him.................. ...
a. The preceding events
corroborated his involvement in the crime.
b. The additional information
confirmed his guilt.
c. The subsequent events
establish that he was guilt.
d. The subsequent events proof
that he was innocent.
Answer: D
78.
The correct spelt word.
a. Livelihood.
b. Livelyhood
c. Livlihood
d. Livelyhud
Ans: A
79. "The conceptual
difficulties in national income comparisons between underdeveloped and
industrialised countries are particularly serious because a part of our
national output in various underdeveloped countries is produced without passing
through the commercial channels."
In the above statement, the
author implies that.
a. The entire national output
produced and consumed in industrialised countries, passes through commercial
channels.
b. The existence of a non-
commercialised sector in different underdeveloped countries renders the
national income comparisons over countries difficult.
c. No part of national output
should be produced and consumed without passing through commercial channels.
d. A part of the national
output being produced and consumed without passing through commercial channels
is a sign of underdevelopment.
Answer: A
80.
There are/ no conducted tours/for tourist to visit all the / important place.
a. There are
b. No conducted tours
c. For tourist to visit all the
d. Important places.
Ans: C (replace, tourist by
tourists)
81. Salts of which of the
following elements provide colours to fireworks?
a. Zinc and sulfur.
b. Potassium and mercury.
c. Strontium and barium.
d. Chromium and nickel.
Answer: C
82. Which one of the following
does not contain silver?
a.
Horn silver.
b. German silver.
c. Ruby silver.
d. Lunar caustic
Answer : B
83. In eye donation, which one
of the following parts of donor's eye is utilised?
a. Iris.
b. Lens.
c. Cornea
d. Retina.
Answer: C
When someone receives an “eye
transplant,” they are being given a donor cornea, the clear front part
of the eye. The corneal transplant requires a functioning retina and optic
nerve to restore vision
84. Alpha keratin is a protein,
present in.
a. Blood.
b.
Skin.
c. Lymph
d. Eggs
Ans: B
Alpha-keratin, or α-keratin, is
a type of keratin found in vertebrates. This protein is the primary component
in hairs, horns, mammalian claws, nails and the epidermis layer of the skin.
α-keratin is a fibrous structural protein, meaning it is made up of amino acids
that form a repeating secondary structure.
85. At which stage in its life
circle, does the silk warm yield the fiber of commerce?
a. Egg.
b. Larva.
c. Pupa
d. Imago
Answer: C
Silk worm yield the fibre from pupa
stage which is commercially used to produce clothe
86.
When ends bite, they inject
a. Glacial acetic acid.
b. Methanol.
c. Formic acid
d. Stearic acid.
Answer: C
Formic acid is a component of
ant venom. Depending on the species, ants may attack with stingers or use their
mouthparts to bite others and spray formic acid into the wound in doing so. It
is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid.
87. What is the average fat
content of Buffalo milk?
a. 7.2%.
b. 4.5%.
c. 9.0%
d. 10.0%.
Answer: A
88.
When where the first Commonwealth paraplegic games held?
a. 1930.
b. 1958.
c. 1962.
d. 1951.
Answer: C
The First Commonwealth
Paraplegic Games were held in Perth, Western Australia from 10 to 17 November
1962
89. How many medals have been
won by India in the all time medal count as of 2018 World Wrestling
Championship?
a. 26.
b. 35.
c. 18.
d. 13
Answer: D
90. What charge card, developed
in 1950, was the first to be accepted nationally in the US?
a. Visa
b.
Discover
c. Master Charge
d. Dinner's club
Answer: D
91. 12 January is celebrated as
a. National Youth day.
b. International Sculpture Day.
c. World Malaria Day.
d. World Yoga day.
Answer: A
92. Recently, 'Indian Naval Air
Squadron 324' was commissioned at INS Dega, Vishakhapatnam. The insignia of the
squadron depicts which of the following?
a. Jerdoni
b. Halietus
c. Kestrial
d. Forbesi
Answer:
C
Notably, the insignia of the
Squadron depicts a 'KESTREL' searching over vast blue and white sea waves,
which signifies the integral Maritime Reconnaissance (MR) and Search and Rescue
(SAR) role of the Squadron
93. Recently, The Reserve Bank
of India has proposed to allow the linking of credit cards with which of the
following?
a. Unified Payment Interface
b. E- Wallets
c. BHIM App
d. Crypto currencies
Answer: A
The Reserve Bank of India has
proposed allowing credit cards to be linked with the Unified Payments
Interface (UPI)
94. 'Sidh Ghosnt' is a
composition of which of the following Gurus?
a. Guru Nanak
b. Guru Govind Singh
c. Guru Angad Dev
d. Guru Amar Das
Answer: A
Sidh Gosti is famous spiritual
interfaith dialogue between Guru Nanak and Hindu Siddhas. The
composition is present from page 938 to 946 in Adi Granth
95.
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is located-
a. Golaghat and Jorhat district
b. Tinisukia and Dibrugarh
district
c. Sonitpur and dhemaji
district
d. Baksha and Udalguri district
Answer: B
96. Which of the following has
highest density of one horned Rhino?
a. Kaziranga National Park
b. Nameri National Park
c. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
d. Gibon Wildlife Sanctuary
Answer: C
97. 2 February is celebrated
as-
a. World Wetlands Day
b. World Ocean Day
c. World Blood Donor Day
d. World Refuguee Day.
Answer:
A
98. Who is the author of the
book 'Naked Triangle'
a. RK Narayan
b. Amrita Pritam
c. Balwant Gargi
d. Khushwant Singh
Ans: C
99. Who directed the film
'Little Buddha'?
a. Richard Attenborough
b. Bernardo Bertolucci
c. Ben Johnson
d. Mani kaul
Answer: B
100. Which of the following is not associated with the UNO?
a. ILO
b. WHO
c. ASEAN
d. All of the above
Ans: C
The Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional grouping that aims to promote
economic and security cooperation among its ten members.
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